Sustainable Tourism Law

494 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM LAW agreements and conventions 13 , the World Charter for Sustainable Tourism +20, launched in November 2015, brought more detailed and updated targets when compared to the first Charter. It is a document that reinforces the necessity of a plurality of behavioural changes, calling for action by all stakeholders related to tourism, including tourists themselves, towards a more sustainable tourism and a more harmonious relation between them, in order to overcome the very limited dialogue between environment and trade 14 . III.1. Broad Targets The World Charter for Sustainable Tourism +20 has a few general targets. Its foundational concern is to avoid or to reduce the negative impacts of tourism development in several aspects, to reduce the so-called ‘ecological footprint’ of each stakeholder. Other general aspects are indicated, such as poverty eradication, greener and low carb development strategies and economic, social and cultural improvement of the local population’s well-being. Thus, the Charter indicates that it is necessary to review all the relations related to tourism to make the field of tourism greener and more sustainable. Being aware of the importance of tourism as a driver for economic growth 15 , especially in less developed and developing countries, a broad set of stakeholders was called to act and contribute towards an effective relation between tourism, environmental sustainability and economic development. Governments, international organizations, local communities and destinations, the tourism industry, consumers, investors, developers, supporters, networks and non- -governmental organizations are considered mutually responsible in how they affect this new framework, as sustainability grows in importance in the context of tourism. It is also indicated that tourism must be used as an instrument of peace and tolerance among the global population. Tourism allows different cultural identities to keep in touch 16 and to recognize the cultural richness of each 13 It is especially such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the World Heritage Convention, the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the Code of Conduct for the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation in Travel and Tourism. 14 WEISS, Edith Brown. Integrating environment and trade. Journal of International Economic Law , v. 19, n. 2, p. 367-369, 2016. p. 369. 15 BRETON, Jean-Marie. Droit et politique du tourisme . Paris: Juris Éditions, 2016. p. 14-15. 16 JAYME, Erik. Identité culturelle et intégration: le droit internationale privé postmoderne: cours général de droit international privé. Recueil des Cours : collected courses of The Hague Academy of International Law. Kluwer Law International: The Hague, v. 251, 1995. p. 56, 251-252.