The Legal Impacts of COVID-19 in the Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry

to achieve international global conventions (with substantive uniform rules and also with Private International law rules) are greater 13 . Erik Jayme 14 points out that, nowadays, multilateral conventions, in general, have three difficulties: 1) the interpretation should be uniform to attempt the objective of global uniformisation; 2) the praxis of the ‘uniform’ Conventions are challenging since the judges prefer to use the national law and, normally, do not know how or when to use these Conventions; 3) the ‘uniform’ Conventions get older, but they are more difficult to change as the national laws. Authors may wonder if the unification of substantive law belongs in the past 15 , as States prefers soft law (Model Laws, Legislative Guides and Principles) or ‘a-national’ private arrangements (such as lex mercatoria or Incoterms) 16 . It is not to undermine the current growing importance of international civil procedure rules 17 , ADR/ODR and the administrative cooperation to prevent cross-border litigations in tourism matters 18 , showed, for instance, in the recent Hague Conference Tourism Project 19 – where this article’s author serves as Brazilian expert. I. The Rise of a Uniform Convention and its Solutions to COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak The UNIDROIT Brussels Diplomatic Conference adopted the International Convention on Travel Contracts (hereinafter CCV Convention) on 23 April 1970 20 . Jürgen 13 For instance, the UNIDROIT attempt to unify the law governing Hotelkeeper’s liability could not reach the status as convention, vid . RADESICH, Giorgio. The Draft Convention on the Hotelkeeper's Contract: An Exercise in the Unification of Private Law, 20 Comp. & Int'l L.J. S. Afr. 294 (1987). 14 JAYME, Erik. Identité culturelle et intégration: Le droit internationale privé postmoderne - in: Recueil des Cours de l’Académie de Droit International de la Haye, 1995, II, p. 68. 15 Vid . BOELE-WOELKI, Katharina. Unifying and Harmonizing Substantive Law and the Role of Conflict of Laws . Pocketbooks of the Hague Academy of International Law, Leiden: Martinus Nijhof Ed, 2010, pp. 63 & ff. 16 Vid . BASEDOW, Jürgen. The Law of Open Society , The Hague Academy of Private International Law, Leiden: Brill, 2015, pp. 91 & ff. 17 JAYME, Erik. Identité culturelle et intégration: Le droit internationale privé postmoderne - in: Recueil des Cours de l’Académie de Droit International de la Haye, 1995, II, p. 47. 18 MARQUES, Claudia Lima. The Need for a Global Cooperation Network to Protect Foreign Tourists/Consumers and the comeback of Private International Law. The Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on Private International Law , A Commitment to Private International Law- Essays in honour of Hans van Loon, Intersentia: Cambridge, 2013, pp. 311-312. 19 Reports available at https://www.hcch.net/de/projects/legislative-projects/protection-of-tourists (accessed on 28 July 2020) 20 LIMA, João André. A Harmonização do Direito Privado , Brasília: Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão, 2008, p. 81. It is to note the participation of Prof. Haroldo Valladão from Brazil: “The Draft Convention was then submitted to the 47th Session of the Governing Council of UNIDROIT in April, 1968. After a report by