Sustainable Tourism Law

THE INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION AND ENVIRONMENT 665 building programme for the preparation and submission of State action plans for the reduction of international aviation CO 2 emissions to ICAO including the mitigation measures selected from the basket of measures. In 2013 and 2016, the two last Sessions of the ICAO Assembly acknowledged the substantial progress achieved in all aviation environment areas. In the field of aviation and climate change, it reaffirmed the collective aspirational goals of two per cent fuel efficiency improvement annually, and carbon neutral growth from 2020. To progress towards these goals, ICAO elaborated a more comprehensive basket of mitigation measures, namely innovative aircraft technologies, more efficient operations, sustainable alternative fuels, and market- -based measures (MBMs). These resolutions reflect the determination of ICAO’s member States to continue to address climate change at the global level by working through ICAO to limit or reduce GHG emissions from international aviation identifying a global solution while taking into account the special needs and circumstances of its member States. I. ICAO BASKET OF MEASURES On climate change, the basket of measures is the pathway which was agreed by our Member States to meet the aspirational goals of a 2% per annum fuel efficiency improvement, and carbon neutral growth from 2020. Significant progress has been achieved on the implementation of all the basket of measures elements i.e. innovative technologies, more efficient operational procedures, sustainable alternative fuels, and a global market-based measure suitable to international flight emissions. II. AIRCRAFT TECHNOLOGY AND STANDARDS Technology can play a major role in reducing emissions. Aircrafts produced today are about 80 percent more fuel efficient per passenger kilometre than in the 1960s. A major area of activity of ICAO in the field of aviation and climate change is the development of SARPs with a view to ensure that the latest technology is incorporated to aircrafts. In particular, the development of an aeroplane CO 2 emissions certification Standard has been one of the most challenging tasks being undertaken by ICAO under its Committee on Aviation