Sustainable Tourism Law

820 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM LAW simplification, in compliance with what it had been required at international level. The adhesion to international organizations, in fact, pushes the individual states and consequently their territorial authorities, holding the skills, to collaborate for the achievement of the common objectives through the internal regulations. II. OUTLINE OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM The theme of the promotion of sustainable tourism 5 was introduced by the World Tourism Organization in 1988 6 which stated that sustainable tourism is “tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities” 7 . Subsequently, with the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development, which took place in RIO in 1992, Agenda 21, was approved, an action plan aimed at identifying the objectives of sustainable development, and at promoting cross-cutting environmental policies in all the economic sectors. There have been numerous steps taken at a global 8 and 5 On sustainable tourism, see, among others: M. De Carlo – R. Caso, Turismo e sostenibilità: principi, strumenti, esperienze, Milan, 2007. 6 The beginning of a new way of thinking about tourism took place with the Brundtland Report of 1987, which states that a change in the way in which we mean the relationship between economic activities and natural resources is needed. Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future, 1987, A/42/427. 7 http://sdt.unwto.org/content/about-us-5. For a definition close to WTO one, see: A. Bruscino, Il turismo sostenibile, Padova, 2011, p.8. 8 Among the others: in 1995 the adoption of Charter for a Sustainable Tourism, World Conference on Sustainable Tourism Lanzarote, 27/28 April 1995, document aimed at establishing the fundamental principles for a correct management of tourism. The World Code of Ethics of Tourism, adopted by resolution from the General Assembly of the World Tourism Organization of Santiago de Chile - 27 September - 1 October 1999, has as its fundamental objective to promote responsible, sustainable and accessible tourism for all. The World Summit on Sustainable Development, WSSD that took place in Johannesburg, South Africa, from 26 August to 4 September 2002. The Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria were launched by the United Nations Foundation, UNWTO, UNEP and the Rainforest Alliance at the IUCN World Conservation Congress 2008. The new criteria – based on thousands of best practices culled from the existing standards currently in use around the world – were developed to offer a common framework to guide the emerging practice of sustainable tourism. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is an action program for people, the planet and prosperity signed in September 2015 by the governments of the 193 member countries of the UN. It includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals - SDGs - in a large action program for a total of 169 targets. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) released its flagship publication ‘Tourism for Development’ in Brussels on 6 June 2018 during the European Development Days (EDD) and called for greater awareness of sustainability in tourism policies and business practices as well as in tourist behaviour. On WSSD see: A. Del Vecchio – A. Dal Ri Junior (edited by), Il diritto internazionale dell’ambiente dopo il vertice di Johannesburg, Naples, 2005; T. Laubner, World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August – 4 September 2002: “people, planet and prosperity”, in Gyil, 2002, p. 417.