Sustainable Tourism Law

TOURISM AND HERITAGE:THE ROLE OF THE WIDESPREAD HOTEL 145 5) significance, 6) availability of threshold values. By these criteria, physical capacity should be more easily quantifiable (translated in terms of number of visitors), the economic capacity (in dynamic terms of tourists’ flows and their inclination to consume) and social capacity (in terms of degradation of the quality of life, identifying the degree of social stress brought by the visitors), to identify which non-touristic features are undesirable and/or could prove to be a hindrance 21 . These indicators, which use assessment parameters such as community well-being, the degree of aggregation, cost/revenue relevance and the level of consumption recorded, are all symptomatic of a purely social and positive tourism approach. And this is because the concept of competitiveness (especially long-term) cannot dissociate itself from sustainability in a model where: 1) the quality of tourist destinations depends heavily on the cultural and local environment in which they live; 2) every protagonist of the tourist system is a bearer of differentiated interests that often neither coincide by object nor by temporal dimension 22 . The main objectives to be achieved are, therefore, the use of long-term resources (in the search for a principle of distribution of benefits and costs among all factors in the reference sector), as well as the achievement of a balance between tourism and non-tourism offers at the destination. In other words, in order to govern the level of competitiveness, it is necessary, first of all, to understand the reasons for the choice of tourism, but that understanding cannot ignore an analysis that must refer to the organizational, communication and promotion ability, of monitoring and investment. The concept of recovery of the common good is, in fact, directly proportional to that of valorisation 23 , as the activity not only aims to eliminate the degraded situation 21 On this point, cf. M. MONENTE, Strategie e indicatori per il turismo sostenibile , in ARPA Rivista n. 1 Gennaio – Febbraio 2005. 22 F. BARCA, G. PELLEGRINI, Politiche di sviluppo per la competitività territoriale in Europa. Note sul programma 2000-2006 per il Mezzogiorno d’Italia , Mimeo, Roma, 2000; M. A. FERRI, Dai territori alle destinazioni turistiche. Domanda, offerta e competitività , F. Angeli, Milano, 2012; P. PANICCIA, A. MINGUZZI,M. VALERI, Coevoluzione tra impresa e destinazione turistica. L’esperienza innovativa dell’albergo diffuso , in L. PILOTTI, (by), Creatività, innovazione e territorio. Ecosistemi del valore per la competizione globale , Il Mulino, Bologna, 2011; T. PENCARELLI, Marketing e performance nell’industria turistica , Quattro-Venti, Urbino, 2001; M. VALERI, H. PECKLANER, M. GON (by), Innovazione, sostenibilità e competitività. Teorie ed evidenze empiriche . Torino, 2016; F. CAPONE, I sistemi locali turistici in Italia. Identificazione, misurazione ed analisi delle fonti di competitività , Tesi di Dottorato in Economia e Gestione delle Imprese e dei Sistemi Locali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Facoltà di Economia, Firenze University Press, 2004. 23 For the concept of valorisation the Code of Cultural Heritage and Landscape is quoted, art. 10 della L. 6 luglio 2002, n. 137: “ La valorizzazione consiste nell’esercizio delle funzioni e nella disciplina delle attività dirette a promuovere la conoscenza del patrimonio culturale e ad assicurare le migliori condizioni di utilizzazione e fruizione pubblica del patrimonio stesso, anche da parte delle persone diversamente abili, al fine di promuovere lo sviluppo della cultura. Essa comprende anche la promozione e l’intervento di conservazione del patrimonio culturale (…) ”.