Sustainable Tourism Law

492 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM LAW responsible consumption and production, affordable and clean energy, climate actions, sustainable cities and communities, and industry, innovation and infrastructure, among others, have been indicated as targets directed to governments, industries and global the population 3 . Based on these aspects, tourism has been recognized as one of the most important branches of the economy, having the capacity to initiate a dialogue on environment, economic development and sustainability in local, regional and international dimensions 4 . Its economic potential 5 and its capacity to improve the quality of life, even in remote places and communities, make tourism an important and effective tool for the Sustainable Development Goals. As an aftermath of this movement, international standards were created, joining sustainability, development and tourism in order to be applicable to national and regional rules. The United Nations resolutions are some of these examples. Issues such as the promotion of sustainable tourism, including ecotourism, for poverty eradication and environmental protection 6 , an international agenda for sustainable development by 2030 7 and the indication of 2017 as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development 8 have been debated and these resolutions have become references for sustainable development and tourism. Another resolution influenced by these ideas is the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Global Code of Ethics for Tourism 9 , recently transformed in the first UNWTO Convention 10 . The UNWTO Convention for Tourism Ethics presents general and specific objectives related to sustainable tourism. Obligations of stakeholders in tourism development, respect for the cultural heritage of mankind and tourism as a factor of sustainable development 3 Bosselmann calls this new context global and ecological citizenship. BOSSELMANN, Klaus. The principle of sustainability: transforming law and governance . 2. ed. London: Routledge, 2017. p. 227-231. 4 On tourism and development, and tourism and sustainability. SIMONS-KAUFMANN, Claudia; KAUFMANN, Friedrich; SLOAN, Philip; LEGRAND, Willy. Scarcity of natural resources or “cockaigne”. In: SLOAN, Philip; SIMONS-KAUFMANN, Claudia; LEGRAND, Willy (org.). Sustainable hospitality and tourism as motors for development: case studies from developing regions of the world . London: Routledge, 2012. p. 3-14 and 14-22. 5 According to the 2017 UNWTO Tourism highlights, international tourism was responsible for US$ 1,220 billion and 1,235 million of international tourist arrivals in 2016. Available in: https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/ pdf/10.18111/9789284419029. Dated on: 09 Jun. 2018. 6 A/RES/69/233. 7 A/RES/70/1. 8 A/RES/70/193. 9 A/RES/406 (XIII) (UNWTO) and A/RES/56/212 (UN). 10 A/RES/ 707 (XXII) – 22nd. UNWTO General Assembly in September 2017.