Sustainable Tourism Law

APPELLATIONS OF ORIGIN IN TOURISM 511 existence of the described characteristics and their link to the territory. This way, the existence of the right is completed by the corresponding administrative act. IV.2. Relative institutions Together with the AO there are other terms which establish a link between the product and the territory. Sometimes, this terminological diversity generates more doubts than certainties, which is why its conceptual delimitation is necessary. The term geographical indications usually encompasses three categories that constitute the species, namely: 1) appellation/denomination of origin; 2) geographical indication; and 3) indication of provenance. Each of these figures represents a different degree of linkage of the qualities of the product with the territory. Regarding its analysis and differentiation, raw materials, production- -processing methods and human resources are usually evaluated (Ceballos, 2017). From a legal point of view, Regulation 1151/2012 establishes the requirements that geographical indications must meet in Article 5.2, namely: “2. For the purpose of this Regulation, “geographical indication” is a name which identifies a product: (a) Originating in a specific place, region or country; (b) Whose given quality, reputation or other characteristic is essentially attributable to its geographical origin; and (c) At least one of the production steps of which take place in the defined geographical area”. A comparison of these requirements with those for appellation of origin shows that the product is less closely linked to the territory. Firstly, because in addition to the quality and characteristics, the specificity of the products may depend on their reputation. Secondly, because dependency is required in an ‘essential’ and not a “fundamental” and “exclusive” way, as is the case with the AO. Thirdly, the requirement for the production process to take place on the territory is also less strict, since it is sufficient that one of the stages takes place in the geographical area protected by the geographical indication. Another term commonly used in this area is indication of source. Although this figure does not have an express legal definition, Montero (2016) links it to any sign used to indicate where a product originates. In such cases, there need be