Sustainable Tourism Law

APPELLATIONS OF ORIGIN IN TOURISM 513 Another international instrument in this area is the Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods, adopted in 1891 but revised several times during the 20th century. This treaty provides for different sanctions regarding the importation of products bearing a false or misleading indication of source. More specifically, there is the Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration, adopted in 1958 and amended in 1979. This agreement lays down the basis for the recognition of the international protection and registration of AO. In 2015, with the aim of attracting new members, the Geneva Act of the Lisbon Agreement on Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications was adopted. This instrument amends certain issues of the Lisbon System, such as the scope of protection and safeguarding of earlier trademark rights. However, this treaty has not yet entered into force. To conclude the tour of the international regulatory framework, it is essential to mention Annex 1C of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). This treaty, unlike the previous ones – which are administered by the World Intellectual Property Organisation – is administered by the World Trade Organisation and is binding in all Member States. This treaty contains specific provisions on all forms of intellectual property and the protection of AO is found in Articles 22 and 23. At European level, we find regulatory development through numerous regulations for implementation, which differentiate between the wine sector and the agricultural sector. Once again, the wine sector is the driving force behind the development of the rules, which is why the first Community regulation dating from the 1960s laid the foundations for the European wine market (EEC Regulation 24 of 4 April 1962). In addition to sectoral regulations, there are also other regulations that offer protection and help to regulate the market. For example, Directive 2005/29/EC concerning protection against unfair competition by undertakings in their relations with consumers and Directive 2006/114/EC concerning misleading and comparative advertising. According to Ceballos (2017), one of the elements that have contributed to harmonising and simplifying Community legislation is the Europe 2020 Strategy. However, this author also highlights the normative duality that characterizes this area. On the one hand, there is a specific block for the wine and other spirit drinks sector, regulated by national law. On the other hand there