Sustainable Tourism Law

514 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM LAW are different agricultural products that have had a uniform Community regime since 1992 under Regulation 2081. In the Spanish sphere, designations of origin, given their link with mercantile regulations and according to article 149.1.6a of the Spanish Constitution (SC) are the exclusive competence of the State. However, making use of the residual clause contained in article 149.3 SC, which allows the Autonomous Communities to include in their respective statutes those matters not expressly attributed to the State, some Autonomous Communities have been assuming competences in this field. As a result, Ceballos (2017) points out that in Spanish territory there are different situations with respect to the regulation of appellations of origin, such as for example: 1) Autonomous Communities that have exclusive competence, i.e., regulatory and executive, in collaboration with the State. In this case, the Basque Country, Catalonia, Galicia, La Rioja and the Valencian Community are included. This situation is due to the fact that, given the multiplicity of aspects included in the AO, there may be titles of state competence that interfere in the area of autonomous competence, e.g. international relations, industrial property, foreign trade, environment and defence of cultural heritage. 2) An Autonomous Community that has exclusive competence, without prejudice to the competence of the State on foreign trade and within the framework of what is established by the basic State regulation regulating corporations under public law. Only Andalusia is relevant to this case. 3) An Autonomous Community with exclusive competence for its regulation in collaboration with the State, without making reference to executive competence. In this case, Navarre is the focus of attention. 4) Autonomous Communities that only have jurisdiction to execute State legislation in collaboration with the State. These are: Asturias, Cantabria, Murcia, Castilla-La Mancha, Canarias, Extremadura and Madrid. 5) An Autonomous Community that only has executive power over the basic legislation of the State. This is assumed to be Aragon. 6) Autonomous Communities that have the development of legislation and implementation within the framework of the basic legislation of the State. These are: Balearic Islands and Castilla-León. This scenario shows a fragmentation and legal dispersion of the regulations, as well as a pyramidal system with different levels of protection. At regional level,