Sustainable Tourism Law

738 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM LAW * help covering expenditures with environmental and cultural preservation; * improve the self-esteem of local communities, stimulating their engagement in the development process; * monitor, advise and manage tourism impacts, developing reliable methods of strategic management. Consolidated regional and local planning and governance would offer a new model for government policies, with concrete corrective strategies for interventions, based on interdependent assumptions of economic efficiency, social equity, ecological and cultural awareness, creating new criteria for social rationality based on the criticism of the externalization of socio-environmental and cultural costs exercised by the purely economic model of public-private partnerships, especially when such a planning is participatory and shared by reactive social actors and institutional agents with a contractual vision of environment and culture. As we have already seen, participative and shared planning recaptures society’s participation in a way that makes it possible for the citizens to contribute to the elaboration of environmental and cultural strategies. Fromproviding information for the execution of proposed actions or turning civil society into a newly installed third system, as it becomes aware of itself and starts to question and to know itself. The need to involve local actors in the management of touristic destinations is not new; Hall (2001) already worked on this theme in depth, together with many other writers, including me in my book Análise Estrutural do Turismo (Structural Analysis of Tourism). All of them have highlighted the importance of that involvement, considering its key role in the sustainable development of the Sector. However, as a general rule, this idea was always put into practice through small groups and/or individuals and not through all-encompassing, connected, integrated and decisive mechanisms to be implemented in the required and essential participation elements shared by public powers, private initiatives and the tertiary sector. Almost always, this problem is due, mainly, to the diffuse nature of the touristic phenomenon in society and in economy, which generates extremely complex problems of interaction, coordination, and management. The management model should be rigorously associated from the point of view of shared management, broadly foreseeing the participation, democratization, consensus and agreements, involving a multiplicity and diversity of institutional