Sustainable Tourism Law

78 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM LAW Finally, in 2002 was held in Johannesburg the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) 86 . The Rio principles were reaffirmed. A report was published 87 and a Resolution adopted, with a “ Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development ”. “Transforming our World”. Sustainable Development Goals and Tourism In 2012, the UN elaborated a document, denominated “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. The Agenda includes the “Sustainable Development Goals”, an impressive list that covers almost all aspect of human life, articulated in seventeen points 88 . Here they are: 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere; 2. End hunger, achieve food security and adequate nutrition for all, and promote sustainable agriculture; 3. Attain healthy life for all at all ages; 4. Provide equitable and inclusive quality education and life-long learning; opportunities for all; 5. Attain gender equality, empower women and girls everywhere; 6. Secure water and sanitation for all for a sustainable world; 7. Ensure access to affordable, sustainable, and reliable modern energy services for all; 8. Promote strong, inclusive and sustainable economic growth and decent work for all; 9. Promote sustainable industrialization; 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries; 11. Build inclusive, safe and sustainable cities and human settlements; 12. Promote sustainable consumption and production patterns; 13. Promote actions at all levels to address climate change; 14. Attain conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, oceans and seas; 15. Protect and restore terrestrial ecosystems and halt all biodiversity loss; 16. Achieve peaceful and inclusive societies, rule of law, effective and, capable institutions; 17. Strengthen and enhance the means of implementation and global partnership for sustainable development. The list does not include Tourism. But, for the first time, the Document mentions tourism in several points that are interesting, for our purpose, to mention here. In the Declaration, at point 33, we read: “ we are also determined to promote sustainable tourism, to tackle water scarcity and water pollution, to strengthen 86 In Italian, Alessandro FODELLA, Il vertice di Johannesburg sullo sviluppo sostenibile, in Rivista giuridica dell’ ambiente , 2003, page 385. 87 http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/documents/131302_wssd_report_reissued.pdf. 88 The goals list is impressive, so impressive that seems a dream book. It goes from “no poverty” to “climate action”. See http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/. For a deep analysis, see Jeffrey D. SACHS, The Age of Sustainable Development , Columbia University Press, New York, 2015. The volume has a forword written by the UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon.