Wine Law

REGULATION OF ORGANIC WINE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 213 Nevertheless, this type of agriculture is not a recent phenomenon, having already manifested itself with other names:  in 1947, Albert Howard (UK) promoted “organic-biological” agriculture 2 ;  Rudolf Steiner (Austria), the founder of “anthroposophy” promoted, in 1924, “biodynamic” agriculture, whose philosophy was to adopt organic methods according to cosmology and lunar cycles, in such a way that no action opposes the whole (cosmos), with the main objective of avoiding the degeneration of food; in other words, the health of the vineyard is prioritised 3 ;  Masanobu Fukuoka (Japan) created “natural” agriculture from the publication of his first work The One-Straw Revolution: An Introduction to Natural Farming (1975), based on five fundamental principles of management: do not till, do not use fertilisers, do not use pesticides, do not weed (chemically, mechanically or manually) and do not prune – what he called the “do nothing” method 4 ;  “permaculture” or “permanent agriculture” emerged from the hand of Bill Mollison (Australia); and  in other countries, different names emerged , such as “organic” agriculture (Rodale, 1948), “biological” (Aubert, 1970; Pank, 1980), “alternative” (Boeringa, 1980) or “holistic” (Hill, 1982) 5 . More recently, “agroecology” has been developed, endowing the so-called “ecological” agriculture with an environmental scientific base, incorporating the social component and the system analysis dimension in its developments. Agroecology is an environmentally and socially sensitive approach to agriculture, focused not only on production, but also on the ecological sustainability of the production system 6 . In the field of wine, the French authorities of the wine sector (Ministry of Agriculture, the National Institute of Origin and Quality of France-INAO and 2 Howard, A. (1947). Un Testamento Agrícola . Imprenta Universitaria. 3 Fukuoka, M. (2009). The One-Straw Revolution: An Introduction to Natural Farming (Kindle). New York. 4 Ibidem . 5 Vid . Andalucía Agroecológica, S.L. (2006). Manual básico de agricultura ecológica . Ed. Junta de Andalucía; available i n https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/organismos/agriculturaganaderiapescaydesarroll osostenible/areas/produccion-ecologica/produccion/paginas/agricultura-ecologica-manual-basico.html (accessed on 12 August 2020). 6 Vid Altieri, M. A. (1987). Agroecology: the scientific basis of alternative agriculture . Westvierw Press, Boulder; Sevilla Guzmán, E. (2013). Agroecología: fundamentos del pensamiento social agrario y teoría sociológica . Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia.